Thursday, November 28, 2019
My Person free essay sample
Most fans of the show Greyââ¬â¢s Anatomy are familiar with the phrase, ââ¬Å"You are my person.â⬠Meredith Grey uses this phrase to describe her friendship with Christina Yang. When you call someone your person, you are describing them as the one human being you canââ¬â¢t live without, someone with whom you share an unbreakable bond, and the only person you canââ¬â¢t stay mad at. Your person is your partner in crime, your other half, and most importantly, your best friend. When describing myself as a child, the first words that come to mind are, ââ¬Å"scared,â⬠and, ââ¬Å"insecureâ⬠. I found myself constantly searching for someone that I could call my person. I never had many friends growing up, nor did I have many throughout most of high school. I had a group of people I sat with at lunch, but that was as far as our relationships stretched. I was scared and insecure, even at the age of 17. We will write a custom essay sample on My Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I constantly ached for the sense of security that I assumed came with having a person. My junior year of high school, I felt as if I had people. My friends were always there for me, but they all had friends that came before me. This brought me back to that insecure and scared feeling I was trying my hardest to avoid. I kept searching, and when I least expected it, when I was sure I was meant to have no one, I found them. On the last day of spring break 2017, I met Alex Richards. At first glance, he was a tall, awkward boy whose arms were a little too long for the rest of his body. His laugh was reminiscent of a chipmunk, and if Iââ¬â¢m honest, I thought he was a little too enthusiastic about everything. I quickly learned that while first impressions are important, you should still never assume anything until you truly get to know someone. Two days later, the day of SAT testing, I was in full panic mode. I was trying my best to hide my anxiety. I snapchatted Alex, just to say hi, and he asked me what was wrong. I remember being confused, this person, that I had met only two days before, was concerned? How did he know that I was upset, anyway? I expressed my concern for the test, and Alex said, ââ¬Å"Well, from what I can tell, youââ¬â¢re pretty smart. Donââ¬â¢t freak yourself out!â⬠I know it seems strange to remember such a small thing, but that was the moment that I realized that Alex is my person. What I didnââ¬â¢t expect to realize is that your person doesnââ¬â¢t bring you security or safety, but rather, they help you discover those things within yourself. Through Alex, I have learned things that I never thought I would know. I learned small, seemingly unimportant things. Things like: how it can be fun to just walk around for awhile, or how loud I can scream before anyone gives me a strange look, or how to eat 50 chicken nuggets in one sitting. Those seemingly small things taught me to live life for me, and to do things I think are fun, instead of conforming to what the people around me are doing. For years, I searched for my person. In a matter of days, Alex went from the tall, awkward, slightly annoying kid I met downtown, to my best friend. With his friendship, I went from insecure, scared, and sad, to confident, independent, and happy. Thank you Alex, for being my person.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Essay on Integrated MarketingEssay Writing Service
Essay on Integrated MarketingEssay Writing Service Essay on Integrated Marketing Essay on Integrated MarketingBranding plays an extremely important part in the contemporary business environment. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the development of the branding strategy of the company influences consistently the competitive position of the company and its business development. In this regard, even the largest company needs the effective branding strategy to maintain its competitive position in the market (Breneman Taylor, 2007). On the other hand, there are many companies, who used to have popular brands in the past but currently they have lost the popularity of their brands. At first glance, such brands can be lost, but still brands, which used to be once popular, can revive. One of such brands is the United Airlines, which was the leading airline brand in the US but the company has not faced the full decline. Instead, the company faced the problem of the consistent deterioration of its brand image after 9/11 terror attacks and, at the moment, the company attempts to recover after the decade of the decline of its brand popularity. Today, the company still performs and holds a strong position in the US market but the company needs the revival of the brand because the improvement of the brand image can enhance consistently the position of the company in the world market.The United Airlines held the leading position in the US airline industry on the turn of the century. The brand of the company was recognized nationwide and internationally. The popularity of the brand provided the United Airlines with an opportunity to enhance its position in the market consistently because the high popularity of the brand attracted customers to the company and its services. The company used the full potential of the popularity of its brand expanding its business in the domestic market, taking a larger share of the US market, and in international markets, entering new markets and enhancing its position in existing ones.The United Airlines fa ced the considerable downturn in the popularity of the companyââ¬â¢s brand after 9/11 terror attacks. The flight 93 of the United Airlines was hijacked and crashed that contributed to the formation of the negative brand image of the entire company. The terror attacks became the turning point in the history and development of the United Airlines. The incident caused the death of 44 people in an attempt of some of the passengers to regain the control over the aircraft, when terrorist had committed the hijack attempt. Naturally, customers have become concerned with safety issues, while using services of airline companies, while the United Airlines faced the problem of the consistent deterioration of its brand image because customers were anxious about their safety, while using services of the United Airlines. Unlike other airline brands, which have not suffered hijacking on 9/11, the United Airlines was associated with the risk of terror attacks. In such a way,The recovery of the br and image should include several key elements which can persuade customers in the reliability and safety of the United Airlines (Blanchard Bowles, 2003). The improvement of the brand image of the company and revival of the brand as one of the leading airline brand in the US should involve complex measures that should be directed not only on the enhancement of the safety and security of the brand but also on the development of a new brand image that will be attractive for the target customer group and mark the change or even the complete transformation of the United Airlines.One of the first and major steps the United Airlines should make to increase the popularity of its brand is the enhancement of the quality management. In this regard, the company should introduce the total quality management on the ground of which the new quality management policy of the company will be built up, while the enhancement of the quality management will lead to the improvement of the brand image amon g customers. The quality management is crucial for the contemporary branding strategy (Masterson Picton, 2004). At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the development of the branding strategy can help the company to enhance its marketing position, while the quality of products and services determines the perception of the brand by customers. Customers naturally look for companies that provide them with services and products of the high quality.The enhancement of the quality management will contribute to the higher customer satisfaction, while the higher customer satisfaction will steadily contribute to the growing popularity of the brand. The introduction of the total quality management can help the company to regain the popularity of its brand due to the high level of the customer satisfaction (Peters, 2007). At the same time, it is worth mentioning the fact that the quality management refers not only to the quality of products and services provided by the company but also to internal business processes and all operations within the company. In such a way, the company does not only improves the quality in relations with customers but also enhances its organisational performance that eventually leads to the formation of the positive brand image among customers because they feel that the company becomes a solid and responsible organisation. In light of the downturn in the brand popularity of the United Airlines because of the terror attacks, the growing awareness of customers in the reliability of the company is very important for the formation of the positive brand image. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the customer satisfaction will not increase the popularity of the brand in a short-run. Instead, the recovery of the brand image based on the customer satisfaction and the high quality of services offered by the company will need time and efforts from the time of the company.Essay on Integrated Marketing à part 2
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The strongest argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
The strongest argument - Essay Example It shows that Lott has a stronger case, because he presents validated claims with relevant examples, statistics, and authority, though he has some weak assumptions, while Mitchard focuses too much on anecdotal evidence and one authority to support her claims. Lott presents stronger claims than Mitchard with pervasive use of statistics, logic, and ethos. Lott claims that carrying guns in school can deter violence, which happens outside schools already. First, he establishes the pervasiveness of gun-carrying laws through the historical trend that supports carrying guns: ââ¬Å"In 1985, just eight states had right-to-carry laws...Today [2003], 35 states do.â⬠Second, he uses more statistics to demonstrate that where there are guns, violence is lesser: ââ¬Å"[studies give evidence] that on average, states that adopt right-to-carry laws experience a 60% drop in the rates at which the attacks occur, and a 78% drop in the rates at which people are killed or injured from such attacks.â⬠These statistics are relevant, although the last one mentioned here is a bit outdated. Still, they offer information that having guns can deter violence. Lott also uses relevant authorities to support him. He says: ââ¬Å"Annual surveys of crime victim s in the United States by the Justice Department show that when confronted by a criminal, people are safest if they have a gun.â⬠This means that people feel they are safer, since they can protect themselves. This has no correlation though with lesser violence rates. Lott also conducted studies on gun violence. This gives him ethos on why and how guns can reduce and stop school violence. Lott also handles objections to his claims. He notes that one of the main sources of objections that people use comes from the media. The news alone shows many people dying because of guns, and even from law-abiding citizens who had sanity lapses and use their guns during intensely emotional events. Lott underscores that the ââ¬Å"2 million times
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Applied Linguistics and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Applied Linguistics and Communication - Essay Example A different language is a different vision of life. Learning languages helps one to grow spiritually, allows him to understand otherââ¬â¢s thoughts and helps him to promote peace. Thus, he develops an antagonistic felling against social and moral evils like racism, terrorism and discrimination. With the emergence of globalisation, importance of learning and understanding other languages has increased significantly. It provides a comparative analysis, through which one can compare the variations in different cultures, broadens vision and helps to understand the true motive of life. It also prevents misunderstandings which are evident because of linguistic barriers. Newer languages are a treat for the human mind because it increases the tendency to communicate and socialise. People who learn foreign languages demonstrate greater cognitive development in particular areas such as mental flexibility, creativity, and higher order thinking. Each region has a multiple, self- defined set o f languages which not only reflects the prevalent culture but also represents the traditions and in some places, the norms. By not understanding the language of a particular region, one is deprived of the knowledge and culture of that region which makes him intolerant and bias towards that region. In order to comprehend the mental approach of different people, it is essential to learn their language.
Monday, November 18, 2019
Trends and issues in the development of information technology for Essay
Trends and issues in the development of information technology for EBusiness - Essay Example The Web services model allows any user access through the use of XML tags for information exchange using the other three standards: SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL. The distinguishing feature of Web services technology is that it allows provider and consumers to not be tied in to a particular service set and truly minimizing the impact of change to switch service providers. Thus information system built on Web services allows companies to seamlessly integrate provider's functionality into their enterprise software applications, such as Supply Chain Management, Enterprise Resource Planning and others. Use of the Internet for expanding business of the company is a reality, so those who ignore the high technologies will lose the race for competitive advantage. On the other hand, those who have embraced the power of e-commerce solutions are innovators. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, 83% of businesses used computers, 71% of businesses use Internet access, and 23% of businesses had web sites in June 2003. Proportion of businesses placing or receiving orders via the Internet or web was 25% in purchasing and 6% in selling in 2001-2002 and 28% in purchasing and 13% in selling in 2002-2003. Business income attributable to receiving orders via the Internet or web was 5% or more for 42% of companies in 2002-2003. At that time main business perceptions of the benefits for the business of receiving orders via the Internet or web were increased number of customers (28%) and faster business processes (53%). Main business perceptions of placing orders via the Internet or web were time saving (86%) and ability to track orders (20%). (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, para.11-18) An important issue for development of information technologies for application in e-commerce is Internet penetration. UNCTAD Report (2006, p.4) finds that number of Internet users continues to grow in all regions, in particular in Africa, whereas the market is the most mature in the United States. Despite high growth in many developing countries, Internet penetration rates are still very low. For example, China, the second largest Internet market in the world after the United States, has a penetration rate of only 6.3 per 100 inhabitants. While the number of computers is increasing substantially in developing countries, particularly in some of the emerging markets, computer penetration remains very low. The Report reveals that enterprises' Internet use is high (up to 90%) in developed countries and among medium-sized and large enterprises in developing cou
Friday, November 15, 2019
Journey to the Centre of the Earth: Creative Writing
Journey to the Centre of the Earth: Creative Writing Thus the memorable session ended. This discussion had thrown me into a fever. I left my uncleââ¬â¢s study dazed; I felt there was not enough air toà breath in all the streets of Hamburg put together. So I decided to walk made to the banks of the Elbe. Was I really convinced of the truth or did I just bend under the rule of Professor Lidenbrockââ¬â¢s? However, I must confess that I did remember being convinced, although my enthusiasm was now beginning to fadeà ââ¬Å"This is all very absurd!ââ¬â¢ I exclaimed. ââ¬Å"No sensible man should ever entertain such a proposal. I must have had a bad dream.â⬠I walked along the banks of the Elbe and working my way along the port I reached the Altona road where I saw Grà ¤uben walking gracefully back to Hamburg. ââ¬Å"Grà ¤uben!â⬠I shouted from a distance. ââ¬Å"Axel!â⬠she was rather surprised to see me there. She looked at me and noticed the distress and uneasy look on face. ââ¬Å"What is the matter ?â⬠she asked. And in a few seconds she was fully informed about the position of affairs. She listened attentively and remained silent for a few seconds. ââ¬Å"Axel,â⬠she said at last. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢ll be a wonderful journey.â⬠ââ¬Å"Grà ¤uben, are you not going to stop me from going on such anà expedition?â⬠ââ¬Å"No, Axel, and I would have loved to go with but this poor girl will only be in your wayâ⬠She was not afraid to join in herself and persuaded meà to take part in such an expedition! Night had fallen by the time we got home to Kà ¶nigstrasse. I expectedà to find the house quiet, but I had forgotten about the professorââ¬â¢s impatience. I found him shouting and rushing round amongst a crowd of porters who were busy laoding boxes in the passage. ââ¬Å" Axel, where have you been ?â⬠he shouted. ââ¬Å"Your boxes are not packed ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Are we really leaving?â⬠I asked as I stood there motionless. ââ¬Å"Of couse, we are!â⬠ââ¬Å"Day after tomorrow, crack of dawn.â⬠I could hear no more and I took refuge in my little room. I could barely catch a wink that night and was called early the next morning. I decided not to open the door. But could resist the sweet voice saying of Grà ¤uben calling me . I came out and dragged Grà ¤ubenà into the professorââ¬â¢s study. ââ¬Å"Uncle, it is only the 16th of May and we have time until the end of June. What is the need to hurry?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"If we waited until 22 June, we would arrive too late to see the shadow of Scartaris playing along the crater of Snaefells! We have to get to Copenhagen as quickly as possible and try to find some means of transport there. Go and pack your trunk.â⬠There was nothing more I could say. I went back up to my room. Grà ¤uben came with me. She immediately took charge, carefully packingà into a small suitcase the things needed for my journey. Finally the last strap had been tightened round the trunk. I went downstairs again. Throughout the day, more and more suppliers of scientific instruments,à firearms, and electrical apparatus arrived. Martha was in a terrible tizzy. Evening came. I was no longer aware of the passing of time. ââ¬Å"See you tomorrow morningâ⬠said my uncle. ââ¬Å"We will depart at six sharp.â⬠I woke at five the next morning. My uncle was at table gobbling his breakfast. I couldnââ¬â¢t eat. At half past five, there was a rattling of wheels in the street. A large carriage arrived to take us to Altona station. It was soon piled up with our trunks. Meanwhile my uncle was solemnly putting the reins of the house inà Grà ¤ubenââ¬â¢s hands. She kissed us goodbye. ââ¬Å"Go, dear Axel.â⬠You are leaving a fiancà ©e but you will come back toà a wife.â⬠I held her briefly in my arms, then got into the carriage. She andà Martha waved us a last goodbye from the front door and the two horses, galloped off towards Altona. We had crossed the border into Holstein Province. Altona, a suburb of Hamburg, is the terminus of Kiel railway, which was to carry us to Belts. Soon the carriage pulled up in front of the station. My uncleââ¬â¢sà numerous packages and bulky trunks were offloaded and loaded into the luggage van. At seven oââ¬â¢clock, the steam-whistle blew, we were sitting opposite each other in our compartment and the locomotive moved off. We were off. We were alone in the carriage, but did not speak. My uncle checked his pockets and travelling-bag, I noticed that that not forgotten a single item needed for this project. Amongst other papers, there was a note addressed to the Danish consulate, signed by Mr Christiensen, who was the consul-general in Hamburgà and a good friend of the professorââ¬â¢s, this was to pave the way to an introduction toà the Governor of Iceland. I also noticed the famous document, which was carefully hidden away in a secret compartment of his portfolio. A little later the train reached Kiel, a stoneââ¬â¢s throw from the sea and our luaggage was transferred on to the steamship. The streamer, Ellenora was not due to leave until after nightfall. We had nine hours to kill and so we set off to explore the town. At half past ten the smoke rose from the Ellenora into the sky and the steamer moved rapidly over the dark waters of the Great Belt. It was a dark night; there was a strong breeze and a the sea was very rough sea, we could see nothing except some occasional fires on shore and a lighthouse. At seven in the morning reached Korsor, a little town in the west coast of New Zealand. We were then transferred to another train. It took three hours to reach the capital of Denmark. My unclehadnââ¬â¢t shut his eyes all night. Finally we reached Copenhagen at Ten in the morning. We then took a cab to the Phoenix Hotel in Breda Gate. As soon as we reached the hotel, my uncle dragged me out of my room to go to the Museum of Northern Antiquities. He wanted to hand over the letter of recommendation to the director of this establishment, a friend of the Danish consul in Hamburg. The director had been informed that we were tourists bound for Iceland, and he did all he could to assist us. We visited the quays with the object of looking for a next ship to sail. A little Danish schooner, the Valkyrie, was due to sail for Reykjavik on 2 June. The captain, a Mr Bjarne, was on board. He told us to be on board by 7 a.m. on Tuesday. We then thanked Mr. Thomson for all his help and returned to the Phoenix. ââ¬Å"Now letââ¬â¢s eat some breakfast and and then we can visit the town.â⬠We first went to Kongens-nye-Torw, then we had a scrumptous breakfast at a french restaurant run by a French chef called Vincent. Then I took a childish pleasure in exploring the town, with my uncle. But he took notice of nothing ,not even the Royal Palace, nor the pretty seventeenth-century bridge across the canal in front of the museum. Exceptà when we arrived at the Vor Frelsers Kirke. There was not special about the church but its spire had attracted Professorââ¬â¢s attention. ââ¬Å"Let us go up there,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"But I may feel dizzy,â⬠I said ââ¬ËAll the more reason: we have to get used to it.ââ¬â¢ I had no choice but to obey him. A caretaker who lived across the on theà street gave us the key, and our ascent began. My uncle went first, and I followed him slowly for I was sure to feel dizzy. At first everything went well. But after 150 spiral steps the air suddenly hit me in the face: we had arrived on the platform. This was where the open-air staircase began, protected only by a thin rail, the steps were now getting narrower, and seemed to up into infinity space. I started feeling dizzy. ââ¬Å" I canââ¬â¢t do this,â⬠I cried ââ¬ËOf course you can! You are not a coward? Start climbing!ââ¬â¢ my uncle said in a very stern voice. The open air made my head turn. My legs began to give way. Soon I was crawling on my knees, then on my stomach. I closed my eyes and at last we reached the apex. ââ¬Å"Open your eyes, Alex,â⬠he shouted. ââ¬Å"You need take a lesson in abyssesâ⬠I opened my eyes. Above my head the clouds drifted past. I could see greenery on one side and the sparkling sea on the other side. My first lesson in dizziness lasted an hour. When at last I was allowed to come down and set foot again on the firm pavements of the streets, I was aching all over. ââ¬Å"We shall do this again tomorrow,â⬠said the Professor. And thus I was forced to undergo this anti-vertigo exercise for five days in succession! The day for our departure had arrived. The day before we left, Mr. Thomson visited us and gave us letters of recommendation for Count Trampe, the governor of Iceland, Mr Petursson, the bishopââ¬â¢s suffragan, and Mr Finsen, the mayor of Reykjavik. On 2nd at six in the evening we boarded the Valkyrie. And soon the schooner made full sail through the straits. ââ¬Å"Is the wind favorable?â⬠enquired my uncle. ââ¬Å"Perfect,â⬠replied Captain Bjarne. ââ¬Å"How long will the journey take?â⬠enquired my uncle. ââ¬Å"Roughly about ten days, if we donââ¬â¢t have too many norââ¬â¢wester passing the Faroes.ââ¬â¢ The crossing did not involve any special incident.But my uncle was ill all thought the voyage. As a result, he was unable to converse with the Captian about the subject of Snaefell. He had to put off all his questions until he arrived, and spent all his time lying in the cabin. A few days later theà Valkyrie finally dropped its anchor in Faxa Bay, a little before Reykjavik.The professor finally came out of his cabin, a little weak, but still enthusiastic and with a gleam of satisfaction in his eye. As soon as the schooner was anchored, my uncle rushed out. Butà before leaving the deck, he dragged me forward; pointing his finger at a distant mountain with two points on top, a double cone covered with perpetual snows. ââ¬Å"Snaefell,â⬠he shounted with joy and made a gesture indicating total secrecy, and then climbed down into the waiting boat. Soon we were treading the soil of Iceland itself. The first we met was the governor of the island, Baron Trampe himself. The professor presented the governor with the letters from Copenhagen and launched into a short conversation in Danish. My uncle also received a warm welcome from the mayor, Mr Finsen and Mr Fridriksson. Mr Fridriksson was a good natured gentleman who taught natural scienecsà at Reykjavik School. This humble scholar spoke only Icelandic and Latin andà was in fact the only person I could converse with during my entire stay in Iceland. He even offered us two rooms in his house to stay in. ââ¬Å"Axel,â⬠said my uncle, ââ¬Å"there is no time to lose, I am going to the library to look for some manuscript of Saknussemm. ââ¬Å"Okay, I will explore the town while you explore the libraryââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ I said stepped out to roam the streets of Rejkiavik. After a good walk I returned to Mr Fridrikssonââ¬â¢s house: my uncle was already there, together with his host at the dinner table. He devoured his portion voraciously. Mr Fridriksson asked him if he has any success at the library. ââ¬Å"Your library is deserted and has nothing but a few tattered booksâ⬠my uncle replied. If you will tell me what books you are looking for, perhaps I may be of some assistance to you. My uncle hesitated at first and then decided to speak. ââ¬Å" Monsieur Fridrikssen, I wish to know if you have any works of of a certain Arne Saknussemm.â⬠ââ¬Å"Arne Saknussemm! Are you referring to that scholar of the sixteenth Century, the great alchemist,â⬠asked Mr. Fridrikssen. ââ¬Å"Yes, I am!ââ¬Å" replied my uncle. ââ¬Å"His works do not exist, in Iceland or anywhere else,â⬠he cried. ââ¬Å"What, why is that?â⬠my uncle asked in astonishment. Arne Saknussemm was persecuted for heresy, and his worksà were burned in 1573 by the hand of the executioner in Copenhagen.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, this explains everything,â⬠said my uncle. ââ¬Å" Now I understand why Saknussemm had to conceal the secret in an incomprehensible word-puzzleâ⬠ââ¬Å"What secret?â⬠asked Mr Fridriksson keenly My uncle stammered: ââ¬Å"No, nothing.â⬠Mr Fridriksson, was kind enough not to pursue the topic any more. ââ¬Å"I hope that you will not leave our island without exploring its mineral riches?â⬠he told my uncle. ââ¬Å"There are many mountains, glaciers, volcanoes there are to be studied,à and explored! Look at that mountain on the horizon. It is called Snaefell.â⬠ââ¬Å"It is an unusual volcano, whose crater is rarely visited. It is extinct for the last five hundred years,â⬠he continued. ââ¬ËWell!ââ¬â¢ replied my uncle, frantically tapping his legs and trying really hard so as not to jump into the air. ââ¬Å"I will begin my geological studies with this Snyfil. . . Feless. . . what is it called?â⬠ââ¬Å"Snaefell,â⬠repeated Mr Fridriksson. My uncle was trying really hard to conceal his excitement. ââ¬Å"Yes,ââ¬â¢ said my uncle, we will try and climb this Snaefell, perhaps even try and study its crater!â⬠ââ¬Å"It seems a very good idea, Professor Lidenbrock, to begin with thisà volcano. But you will have to go by land as we do not possess any small boat in Reykjavik.â⬠ââ¬Å"But I can offer you a guide, who is not only reliable and also very intelligent and speaks perfect Danish,â⬠cried Mr. Fridriksson. ââ¬Å"Very well then, can I meet him today?â⬠asked my uncle. ââ¬Å"I am afraid, he will only be here tomorrow.â⬠ââ¬Å"Tomorrow then,â⬠my uncle replied with a sigh.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
The ID3 Algorithm :: Classification Algorithms
The ID3 Algorithm Abstract This paper details the ID3 classification algorithm. Very simply, ID3 builds a decision tree from a fixed set of examples. The resulting tree is used to classify future samples. The example has several attributes and belongs to a class (like yes or no). The leaf nodes of the decision tree contain the class name whereas a non-leaf node is a decision node. The decision node is an attribute test with each branch (to another decision tree) being a possible value of the attribute. ID3 uses information gain to help it decide which attribute goes into a decision node. The advantage of learning a decision tree is that a program, rather than a knowledge engineer, elicits knowledge from an expert. Introduction J. Ross Quinlan originally developed ID3 at the University of Sydney. He first presented ID3 in 1975 in a book, Machine Learning, vol. 1, no. 1. ID3 is based off the Concept Learning System (CLS) algorithm. The basic CLS algorithm over a set of training instances C: Step 1: If all instances in C are positive, then create YES node and halt. If all instances in C are negative, create a NO node and halt. Otherwise select a feature, F with values v1, ..., vn and create a decision node. Step 2: Partition the training instances in C into subsets C1, C2, ..., Cn according to the values of V. Step 3: apply the algorithm recursively to each of the sets Ci. Note, the trainer (the expert) decides which feature to select. ID3 improves on CLS by adding a feature selection heuristic. ID3 searches through the attributes of the training instances and extracts the attribute that best separates the given examples. If the attribute perfectly classifies the training sets then ID3 stops; otherwise it recursively operates on the n (where n = number of possible values of an attribute) partitioned subsets to get their "best" attribute. The algorithm uses a greedy search, that is, it picks the best attribute and never looks back to reconsider earlier choices. Discussion ID3 is a nonincremental algorithm, meaning it derives its classes from a fixed set of training instances. An incremental algorithm revises the current concept definition, if necessary, with a new sample. The classes created by ID3 are inductive, that is, given a small set of training instances, the specific classes created by ID3 are expected to work for all future instances. The distribution of the unknowns must be the same as the test cases.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Importance Of Voting
Elections form the bedrock of the largest democracy in the world ââ¬â India. Since Independence, as many as 15 Lok Sabhas have been formed through elections, the first one being held in 1951-52. The methodology of election is through universal adult suffrage, whereby every citizen of India over 18 years of age is an eligible voter in the eyes of the Constitution.The importance of elections in Indiaââ¬âand for that matter, in any democracyââ¬âis as follows: Choice of leadership: Elections provide a way for the citizens of India to choose their leaders. They do so by casting their vote in favour of the candidate or party whose views appeal to them. This ensures that the will of the people is reflected in the elected candidates. Change of leadership: Elections in India are also a platform for the public to voice their resentment against a ruling party. By voting for other parties and helping elect a different government, citizens demonstrate that they possess ultimate author ity.Political participation: Elections open the door for new issues to be raised in public. If a citizen of India wishes to introduce reforms that are not the agenda of any of the parties, he or she is free to contest the elections either independently or by forming a new political party. Self-corrective system: Because elections are a regular exercise, occurring every five years in India, the ruling parties are kept in check and made to consider the demands of the public. This works as a self-corrective system whereby political parties review their performance and try to appease the voters. With a population of over 1.2 billion (according to the 2011 census) spread across 28 states and 7 union territories, India has a system of elections that is both daunting and praiseworthy.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Tracing the Journey of Madness in Jonathon Swifts Gullivers Travels essays
Tracing the Journey of Madness in Jonathon Swifts Gullivers Travels essays Jonathon Swift is notorious for his satire and nothing illustrates his ability to prove appoint than his novel, Gullivers Travels. In this novel, Gulliver experiences many things on his journeys and is driven to madness in the final segment of his adventure. Gullivers madness stems from the fact that he cannot accept himself for who he is Gulliver wants to be like the Houyhnhnms, a species that he considers to be perfect. Their rejection of him causes Gulliver to break down because he cannot and will not ever see himself as a Yahoo. The first step into madness begins with an inability to control events. Over the course of his stay with the Houyhnhnms, Gulliver is filled with pride and when he is exiled from Houyhnhnm-land, he is distraught. He descends further into madness because he cannot (and does not want to) think clearly. Finally, Gullivers madness is a result of pride. Gulliver refuses to accept the truth about his race because it means accepting the truth about hims elf. He would rather live a lie. Madness begins in small doses and unless it is tempered with rationality, it will reign. Gullivers final adventures illustrate this clearly. Gullivers madness occurs from a series of events of which he cannot control. His madness occurs slowly and only after his interaction with the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos. In a sense, his madness is the result of his inability to accept and discern what he has encountered. He knows what is happening but he cannot make real sense of it other than wants he wants. Gullivers madness becomes evident when he begins to think of his own kind as less than acceptable. Spending time with the Houyhnhnms caused Gulliver to admire them far too much. He tells us that their opinions opened my eyes and enlarged my understanding, that I began to view the actions and passions of man in a very different light (250). He admires the...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Headline after the discovery of the bodies of Holly and Jessica, missing 10 year olds Essays
Headline after the discovery of the bodies of Holly and Jessica, missing 10 year olds Essays Headline after the discovery of the bodies of Holly and Jessica, missing 10 year olds Essay Headline after the discovery of the bodies of Holly and Jessica, missing 10 year olds Essay Essay Topic: Bishop the Fish The Year Of the Flood Wars, earthquakes, racial violence, terrorism crowd our newspapers. No news is good news and in our society this is often the case, as just about every evening the television news brings into our homes reports of senseless murders, great injustice and events that can only be described as evil. At some point in everybodys life they will be subjected to some form of suffering, however much we feel we are familiar of that pain it still shocks and scares us when we are confronted with it. By suffering we generally mean the pain and sorrow caused by sickness, physical handicap, mental handicap, death, poverty etc.Is God really there? If he is, does he care? And if he does, is he helpless to do anything? Why does a God of love permit suffering?The dictionary describes evil as, wickedness, a force doing something which is socially harmful or morally wrong. The word evil tends to denote the baser human emotions such as hatred, prejudice, greed, jealousy, rage etc. The bible teaches us that e vil is the opposite of good and right. It is a destructive force. It is important however to distinguish between two types of evil: natural evil and moral evil. While the two however can often be intertwined, moral evil tends to be the actions of free creatures (theft, rape, murder etc) whereas natural evil is the result of a natural event (earth quake, floods etc).Suffering and evil is unquestionably one of the greatest obstacles to Christian faith. John Stott said, the fact of suffering and evil undoubtedly causes the single greatest challenge to the Christian faith. Christianitys very symbol is that of Christ suffering and dying on the cross to save us. To a Christian there is no bigger test of faith than trying to accept the fact that the God who loves them permits them to suffer at times even in excruciating ways. Why does a God allow his creatures, and even his children to suffer? There is so much pain in the world it is hard to see how a fair, kind loving God would create a u niverse with the potential for so much suffering.Where was god when 6 million Jews were slaughtered in the holocaust, when Nazi prison guards threw babies and small children into gutters of boiling human fat rather than waste time gassing them, where was God when the remains of the slaughtered were scavenged- hair cut off to stuff pillows for their killers head rests, skin dried out to make lampshades and gold tooth fillings pulled out and turned into jewellery? Where was he when, in the Ukrainian town of Chernobyl, an explosion occurred that may yet cause up to 300000 deaths and the effects of which could take up to 200 years to remove? Where is he during famines and wars? These are just a few examples of extraordinary human suffering.Christians believe that God is omnipotent. This believe however would imply that, if correct, then he must not be loving enough to use his powers to cease evil and suffering. If God were good, He would wish to make His creatures perfectly happy, and i f God were almighty, He would be able to do what He wished. But the creatures are not happy. Therefore, God lacks either goodness, or power, or both C.S. Lewis People often find themselves rejecting the word of God due to suffering.The book of Genesis in the Bible describes to us that the first man (Adam) and the first woman (Eve), lived in the Garden of Eden, a world of happiness, without fear, shame or evil. It is obvious that God did not intent for there to be suffering in the world; it was not part of his created order. He did however give humans what many would describe his greatest gift, Free will. You may eat the fruit from any tree in the garden, but you must never eat from the tree which gives the knowledge of good and evil. If you eat from that tree then you will die! Genesis 2:16-18 As you can see, God lets man decide for himself whether he should obey him, and through giving him this decision, evil entered the world, there was no suffering in the world until humanity reb elled against God. It would be the view of the fundamentalist (literal belief of the bible) and the Old Testament writers that it was due to Adam and Eve that sin entered the world.Iranaeus was the Bishop of Lyons in Gaul and lived about 125-202. His view was that God created evil. He claims that God does indeed exist, yet explains him to be responsible for the occurrence of evil as he created us to be imperfect. He believes this however to be essential as evil is the only method of creating greater good. The earth is a place for the perfection of souls before their entry into blessedness. The trials of this world are like a refiners fire; they temper, strengthen and purify our natures to fit us to dwell with God.He suggests that the reason that we have such difficulties with suffering and evil is largely due to our imbalance between our concepts of good and evil. He felt that if our concepts were more balanced then we would have created the best possible world for soul making. He d oes, however, support Gods morals in that he believes that free will could not (and would not) exist without the perseverance of evil, as many evil occurrences are a result of people acting through their own free will and without. He therefore concludes that humanity is only partially responsible for suffering.John Hick who stresses the developmental nature of life, especially human life, has further developed the iranaean argument more recently. Believing that humans are not born perfect and that perfection comes at the end of the process. Virtue is not given, it has to be achieved.St. Augustine (354-430) would completely disagree with Iranaeus argument. He believed that God did not create evil but its occurrence just serves as a privation of good. He believed that all suffering was due to humanity who had abused Gods gift of free will. He believed that the creation of evil was largely due to the fall. The fall effected all of creation and the gap between man and God was eventually made to be so big that man began to depart from God and this is where the creation of evil arose. If God is good then he is neither the author of evil, nor its helpless victim. Rather, precisely because of His goodness He chooses to co-exist with evil for a time. Augustine eventually came to the conclusion that evil must be a result of soul deciding through human free will. Aristotle (384bc-322bc) supports Augustines view, believing himself that God could not be responsible for the existence of evil. God is an all powerful and good being, and man cannot ever be to his standard, no one will ever have the same moral values as God.This all would imply that human suffering must be a cause of our disobedience. This said, how can we justify innocent suffering, natural disasters. Events in which human interference has no obvious position?Natural disasters. We hear about them often, earthquakes, floods, famines, landslides, they can wipe out thousands of innocent lives. Starvation and its related diseases causes one person per second to die. 75% of them are infants and children under 5. The suffering caused by floods, hurricanes, earthquakes etc cannot largely be blamed on other people. However its sometimes due to the mistakes of others that natural disasters happen as natures laws are stretched to their limit. Natural disasters are often called acts of God. Again many Christians believe that natural disasters are caused by the fall, a consequence of the disruption of the perfection of Gods original creation.Natural disasters are a result of disorder in creation. However, if you take time to think of a recent natural disaster, such as the Earthquake in El Salvador (Feb 2002) a 6.6 magnitude earthquake resulted in at least 315 deaths and around 3,400 people being injured we cannot begin to believe that are loving god is responsible. Nature is often seen, as it is in the New Testament as natural in Gods eyes. Hanson and Hanson would agree with the sentiments that natu ral suffering is inexplicable. The basic theory to be learned is that nature is not moral and humanity is, therefore, as our world is continually changing however much we strive we will never achieve a perfect world as the natural laws will always follow their own course. God neither allows or forbids evil, it is just part of the way the world is, an event which humanity must put up with if they choice to live on this planet.Although most see suffering as something which is painful and not at all enjoyable, some would believe that there is a reason for it, that it is a privilege, that if you are submitted to great suffering and overcome it you are fulfilled in the eyes of God, you are fit to become a disciple. Christ himself undertook great suffering on the cross to save us and many Christians believe that the suffering they undergo themselves is closely linked with the pain suffered by Jesus, We share in many sufferings of Christ. In the same way, much comfort comes to us through C hrist. If we have troubles, it is for your comfort and salvation, and if we have comfort, you also have comfort. This helps you to accept patiently the same sufferings we have 2 Corinthians 1:5Suffering can also been seen as a test of faith. It is felt but those of the Christian faith that those who are subjected to suffering will eventually be brought closer to God. It has once been said that if we as Christians cannot bear the cross then we will not wear the crown. This is in connection with the above theory of suffering being a method of making oneself fit in the eyes of God to be a disciple. There are references in the bible to how suffering my be a test by God, for example in the Old testament Jesus tests Jobs loyalty to him by inflicting suffering upon him. Job overcomes this suffering and is therefore rewarded for the pain he had experienced. The Lord blessed the last part of Jobs life even more than the first part Job 42:12. God had established that Job would stay true to hi m, even through the greatest suffering.This story of Job you would think would go some way to proving that suffering is not a punishment, as with Job, it just brought him a deeper and more meaningful understanding of God. Still however it is often viewed as a punishment, a way for God to retaliate for humanitys sin. It is common belief, especially in the Old Testament, that evil was solely created for use to punish people who went against Gods wishes. A substantial amount of our suffering is due to our own personal sin, for example, if a person abuses drink and then drives a car recklessly and injures himself then their injuries are obviously partially due to their own personal sin. However what can be said when suffering is subjected to a person who has made no obvious sins in theirs life?When pious people suffer from sickness, bereavements etc the question is often raised, what did I do to deserve this? And when children suffer, such as the disappearance of missing 10 year olds Ho lly Wells and Jessica Chapman, who were later found dead in an area near their home, how can it be possible that their deaths were a punishment for there sin? The problem with coping with bereavement also is that people tend to think, why them and not me?Much of the suffering in the world is caused by others sins however. So much suffering is caused by murder, adultery, theft, sexual abuse, unloving parents, reckless or drunken driving, slander, unkindness or selfishness of one kind or another. It has been estimated that 95th percent of the worlds suffering can be accounted for in this way. As was told with the story of Job however, the bible disagrees with this opinion, the story of job recognises that the wicked often prosper and if we are to believe that the way in which we suffer is a direct mirror of the way in which we live our lives we would be much mistaken as this would be an unfair judgement of Jobs life. God shines on good and bad alike.One of the most important counter a rguments to that of suffering being a punishment is to remember that Jesus himself suffered. He led a perfect life, and yet he still suffered an excruciatingly painful death, Our suffering is not worthy of the name off suffering. When I consider my crosses, tribulations and temptations, I shame myself almost to death, thinking what they are in comparison to the sufferings of my blessed Saviour, Jesus Christ. Martin Luther King. God can be seen to work through suffering. Those who nailed Jesus o the cross did so for evil purposes, but God intended it for good. The cross stands ultimately as a victory because it holds the key to salvation. Christians are taught not to be afraid of suffering and death, and to turn to their faith as, let not your heart be troubled neither let it be afraid for I am with you always even into the end of the world John 14.Many are unsure as to where the suffering will end. Despite all our talk of the great injustice of human suffering many people are unwill ing for it to end, live is something to be enjoyed in many cases. However the spectrum is wide in that respect as some people are faced with great injustices whereas others lead mainly trouble free lives. Will those who deserve to suffer pay for there sins after death and those who suffer innocently in life rejoice? It is the view of the New Testament that those who have not received salvation will continue to suffer after death, have to endure eternal torment. The Roman Catholic Church, however, believes that when death becomes us we will enter a period of purgatory where we will pay for our sins, but eventually will be rewarded with a life with God.It is the feeling by many Christians that whatever suffering we have to endure on this earth will be fully compensated through the resurrection. That our, light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all 2 Corinthians 4:17. This develops the test of faith theory even more strongly as it take s great religious faith to undergo suffering and still be aware that there will be a greater glory waiting. Gavin Reid, the bishop of Maidstone, tells of a boy who shattered his back falling down a flight of stairs at the age of one and consequentially spent the majority of his life in hospital, when asked the question, is that fair, he simply stated that God had all eternity to make it up to him. The New testament is full of promises of how wonderful heaven will be, so with this knowledge, our suffering should only be making us more fit for the reward that we shall receive.So, if we choose to accept that evil does indeed exist what is it, what form does it take? The New Testament gives the impression of God being at War with evil, or more specifically, a war between the Devil and God. This dualist view that is taken by many people and by religions such as the Zoroastrians of ancient Persia, in which states that the lord of light is locked in perpetual combat with the lord of darkne ss Other religions such as Christianity, Judaism and Islam remain monistic, in that they are of the opinion that the devil is one of Gods creatures, as the Lord created all. There is a very stereotypical view of the devil, which stems from medieval time. This paints the devil as being a humorous creature with read face; horns and pitchfork but the bible would present it very differently. He is referred to often as Satan, the Hebrew word for enemy.Some would say that one of the synopsis of our sin is our desire to be as God; and wanting all the answers. When looking at the situation with suffering and evil I feel it would be a some what naive and narrow minded view to take that, because of the great suffering endured by so many people that there cannot be a god. As this existence of God is unlikely to be proved and is purely based o n faith it would be wrong to strike of any of the points discussed in this essay as invalid to the situation, all or none may be of relevance.
Monday, November 4, 2019
Inheritance Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Inheritance Lab - Essay Example 2. Identify and record your possible genotypes based on your phenotypes. Genotypes are represented using two alleles. Identify the alleles using the letters indicated below (capital letter indicates dominant allele, lowercase indicates recessive allele): 3. Using your possible genotypes, identify and record all of the possible pairings of parental genotypes that could have led to your possible genotypes. Crosses are denoted in this form: FF x Ff and indicates the genotypes of both parents. You should list all of the possible crosses that could lead to your phenotype. Use the chart below to record the observations of your phenotypes and to record your inferences regarding your genotype and all of the possible crossings of parental genotypes that can account for your genotype. Phenotypes are expressed with a single letter related to the trait. Genotypes include both alleles and are, thus, expressed with two letters (one for each allele). Possible parental genotypes and crosses consist of two genotypes crossed. For instance, a freckled person will have a phenotype of F and possible genotypes of FF and Ff. One of the possible parental genotype and crosses is (FF x Ff). Be sure to list all possible parental genotypes in terms of possible crosses. Crosses are denoted in this form: FF x Ff and you should list all of the possible crosses that could lead to your phenotype. It was observed that the presence of a dominant gene in the genotype always led to the expression of the dominant trait, which is seen as the phenotype. In addition, the occurrence of a certain genotype could result from the crossing of several possible parental genotypes. This lab provided knowledge that recessive traits were denoted by small letters while dominant traits were denoted by capital letters. One component of my genotype came from each parent due to
Friday, November 1, 2019
The Case of Enron and Arthur Andersen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
The Case of Enron and Arthur Andersen - Essay Example The greed that was evident did not benefit any one party at all. When the company shares lost ground in trading, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy and the US congress were on hand to instigate reforms that had the aim of ensuring that occurrences like those at Enron could not occur again. Arthur Andersen, the auditor at Enron, could be said to have received what it deserved in terms of being forced out of the market place due to bankruptcy. Additionally, the audit firm became a template of negative audit firms. The US federal government crafted regulatory legislation that is being taken up by other countries to prevent such occurrences in the future. For example, Mexico adopted those regulations in 2006 popularly referred to as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Discussion Enron as a corporate entity was not guilty of any major crimes that were blatantly obvious. On the most part, the company was indicted for misleading the outside forces charged with consulting for it and also misrepresented its financial situation1. These misrepresentations and falsehoods cannot entirely be considered as crimes. On the contrary, fraud can be considered as a crime but the very act of proving a criminal intent to defraud is very difficult. On the other hand, Arthur Andersen was convicted of a repeated single crime which entailed the obstruction of justice. This was largely due to the destruction of Enron documents that the audit firm continuously did. The shredding of those documents, which the accounting firm was well aware could be used in an SEC investigation, was in itself a crime. The case of Enron led to a number of individuals that were charged with different tasks to be charged with serious crimes with some of them pleading guilty to some. Mostly, many pleaded guilty with conspiracy to mislead that they did by presenting unfair reports on the company finances. Both Enron and Andersen had total disregard for any ethical conduc t that was expected of them. There is no need for detailed presentation of the breaches in ethics as they were pretty blatant. This discussion is not focused on ethics despite the fact that legal ethics, financial analysis ethics and banking ethics were totally disregarded. Since the breach of ethics is not a crime, it is not pertinent to dwell on it. Enron is clearly in violation of the guidelines that are laid out in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)2. There are three instances of the breach of GAAP that are notable in the conduct of Enron. The first is that the Special Purpose Entities? (SPEs) accounts were incorrect. The equity method of accounting was selectively utilized in the SPE accounting as well as the failure of consolidation and failure of the elimination of the impacts associated with the transactions carried among the entities. The second is that there was partial disclosure of accounts and the last is that the financial reporting was not fair. In do ing the above, Enron and Andersen can be thought of having viewed GAAP as being merely rules and not regulations. They also leaned towards the interpretation of GAAP in a more aggressive manner than normally envisaged. Additionally, they disregarded the fairness principle that is central to GAAP and in doing this, they ignored the fact that fairness is emphasized more that rules as well as accounting that focuses on the economic
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